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1.
《Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice》2013,11(1):23-39
ABSTRACT Racial profiling is an important issue in contemporary policing. Racial profiling research has primarily involved two things: (1) examining traffic stop data, and (2) using a benchmark or baseline in the discovery of racial profiling. A smaller literature has examined the searches to uncover racial profiling. The purpose of the present study is to examine traffic stop data-in particular searches-in understanding racial profiling. Using data more than 40,000 traffic stops from Louisville, Kentucky, the present study found that race is one of many factors that are used in the determination of a search. The policy implications of this finding are discussed. 相似文献
2.
犯罪心理画像主要是运用精神分析、行为心理学的理论和原理对与犯罪有关的行为进行分析,以提供犯罪行为人最为可能的人格特征、心理特征、行为特征等信息,从而协助侦查机关确定侦查范围的一种技术和方法。近些年来,犯罪心理画像已越来越多的引起侦查学界的关注和兴趣。然而只有正确理解和把握犯罪心理画像的适用条件、研究方法、以及厘清刑事科学技术与其的关系,才能更好的将其应用于侦查实践之中。犯罪心理画像可适用于任何刑事案件,关键在于通过剖析、研究个案中犯罪行为人的心理,积累行为资料,为侦查实践提供理论支持和案例指导。 相似文献
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This paper responds to criticisms/misconstruals of our measure of the maximum probative value of evidence (D. Davis & W. C. Follette, 2002), and our conclusions regarding the potentially prejudicial role of intuitive profiling evidence, including motive. We argue that R. D. Friedman and R. C. Park's (2003) criticisms and example cases are largely based on inappropriate violation of the presumption of innocence. Further, we address the merits of our absolute difference measure of probative value versus those of the Bayesian likelihood ratio championed by D. H. Kaye and J. J. Koehler (2003). We recommend methods for presentation of measures of evidence utility that convey complexities of interdependence between new and existing evidence. Finally, we propose a probable cause standard for admission of potentially prejudicial evidence, dictating that admissibility of such evidence should be contingent upon other substantial evidence of guilt. 相似文献
5.
Simon J. Walsh R. John Mitchell Fraser Torpy John S. Buckleton 《Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series》2007,1(3-4):238-246
DNA profiling evidence presented in court should be accompanied by a reliable estimate of its evidential weight. In calculating such statistics, allele frequencies from commonly employed autosomal microsatellite loci are required. These allele frequencies should be collected at a level that appropriately represents the genetic diversity that exists in the population. Typically this occurs at broadly defined bio-geographic categories, such as Caucasian or Asian. Datasets are commonly administered at the jurisdictional level. This paper focuses on Australian jurisdictions and assesses whether this current practice is appropriate for Aboriginal Australian and Caucasian populations alike. In keeping with other studies we observe negligible differences between Caucasian populations within Australia when segregated geographically. However segregation of Aboriginal Australian population data along contemporary State and Territory lines appears to mask the diversity that exists within this subpopulation. For this reason datasets collated along more traditional lines may be more appropriate, particularly to distinguish the most genetically differentiated populations residing in the north of the continent. 相似文献
6.
Beom Jun Ko SungIll Suh Yong Jun Suh Moon Kyo In Sung-Hong Kim 《Forensic Science International Supplement Series》2007,170(2-3):142
Impurity profiling and classification of seized methamphetamine may play an important role in the interpretation of analytical results, the determination of the synthetic method employed, and the criminal investigations of drug traffic routes. Our study is focused on classifying seized methamphetamine samples according to the groups sorted by the types and quantities of impurities present in illicit methamphetamine samples. The samples (100 mg) were dissolved in 2 mL of potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), extracted with 200 μL of ethyl acetate under basic condition, and then analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) with a DB-1 capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm i.d., 0.25 μm). Five impurities are used as criteria for the classification of seized methamphetamine samples by Emde and Nagai method. A total of fifty-two samples of seized methamphetamine were analyzed by GC–MS and classified by five organic impurities, and then sorted into four groups, which are Nagai type, Emde Type, Undetermined I type, and Undetermined II type. 相似文献
7.
Kai Vollack Barbara Haak Ralph Schwenzer Werner Pflug 《Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series》2008,1(1):83-85
The concept for a semi-automated processing system for DNA analysis of crime scene samples was developed at the Landeskriminalamt Baden-Württemberg (LKA BW) and comprises the extraction of genomic DNA from human cells by ChargeSwitch® magnetic bead technology (CST), quantification of purified DNA by real-time PCR, amplification of short tandem repeats (STRs) by PCR and DNA fragment length analysis of STRs by capillary electrophoresis. Three liquid handling workstations from Tecan, a real-time PCR device and a 16-channel capillary electrophoresis (CE) system, both from Applied Biosystems (AB), are linked via laboratory data network. Transmission and management of sample and analysis data is enabled by a Laboratory Information and Management System (LIMS). Suitability for a wide range of stain types, early exclusion of DNA-free samples, barcode sample identification and prevention of cross-contaminations guarantee efficiency and high quality standards. 相似文献
8.
William Rose 《International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society》2002,16(2):179-205
In the United States the phenomenon of racial profiling has emerged as an important and controversial issue within political and criminal justice policy debates. For the most part, these debates have assumed a sort of racism at work in order to explain law enforcement's use of criminal profiles largely determined by racial classifications. Accordingly, many have worked to expose this allegedly racist behavior in the hopes that such exposure will bring an end to the practice. This essay argues that racial profiling is embedded in much larger social developments that must be explored in order to understand the role race now plays in the maintenance of social order in contemporary American society. 相似文献
9.
目的探讨单亲鉴定及其有关的法律及社会问题. 方法对1998年1月至2002年12月275例单亲鉴定进行回顾分析,对案例的数量、来源、鉴定事由、鉴定结论等作统计分析. 结果单亲鉴定近3年明显增多,占亲子鉴定总数的三成.案例来源以自诉为主,占95.27%.鉴定事由中,怀疑妻子有婚外性关系为主 ,占88.36%.275例单亲鉴定中,排除亲生关系39例,占14.18%.结果表明,非婚生子女只占少数. 结论自诉单亲鉴定存在法律盲区,但在维护家庭稳定具有一定作用.受理单亲鉴定宜取慎重态度,有关的社会及法律问题需要解决. 相似文献
10.
This paper reports the results of four studies that investigate racial profiling as an attribution about police motives. Each study explores, first, the types of police behavior that heighten or lessen the occurrence of profiling attributions and, second, the consequences of such attributions. Results support prior studies in finding that judgments about whether the police are profiling are associated with the level of public support for the police. The studies then extend the analysis of subjective profiling judgments by examining their antecedents. The findings support the procedural justice hypothesis that the fairness with which the police exercise their authority influences whether members of the public view the police as profiling. 相似文献